In today’s digital age, one should almost expect that all personal interactions and appearances in public places are being recorded.  In fact, there are apps for cell phones that automatically record every single phone call.  In some ways, it seems creepy.  In others the question would be: if you are doing nothing wrong, what do you have to fear?  Personally, I see it as creepy and I don’t like it.

However, Ohio is a “one party” state as it relates to recording interactions.  As such, it is legal for one party to a conversation to record that conversation, even if the other party is not aware of the recording.

We have learned through our law practice that clients, opposing counsel and opposing parties frequently are making recordings of interactions, on the phone and in personal meetings.

From my perspective, if I know I am being recorded, I likely would be more cautious and more guarded in what I say.  In some instances, I would limit my interactions with that person entirely, or make sure communications are all in writing.

As a result, we have added a provision to our client fee agreements requiring clients to tell us if they are recording interactions with our office.  If they fail to notify us of those recordings, they cannot later use those recordings against us.

I recently shared the fact that this is part of our standard engagement letter with a class of Realtors, and was asked by 9 participants for that form language to include in their own agency agreements.  So, I thought I would share that language here on this blog as well.  Feel free to make use of it as it suits your practice.

Audio and Video Recordings with this Firm

We will never make an audio or video recording of any communication with you or any third party.  We occasionally have clients who either want to make an audio and/or video recording of a call or meeting with us.  In the event that you choose to make an audio or video recording or any interaction with us, we require that you disclose each such instance to us in advance in writing.  If you fail to disclose any such recording, (a) it will be a material breach of this agreement, (b) it will be the basis for termination of the relationship by this firm and (c) you agree not to use that recording in any proceeding relating to our representation.

It’s a dangerous world out there.  Proceed with caution.

Finney Law Firm announces that attorney Rebecca Simpson is expanding her practice to offer mediation services.  Rebecca has decades of diverse litigation and advocacy experience, and believes that even the most difficult conflicts can be resolved through strategic, amicable, problem-solving negotiations. This can result in faster, less expensive and more satisfactory results for clients.

Rebecca’s experience includes employment (representing both employers and employees), commercial, real estate and public interest litigation, as well as zoning, land use and other administrative and legislative matters at the state and local level.  Click here to see Rebecca’s bio.

As a mediator, Rebecca will leverage her years of experience in these areas to assist you and your client in exploring efficient and effective resolutions to what could otherwise be lengthy, expensive litigation with uncertain results.

If you believe that Rebecca can be of assistance to you and your client, or if you’d just like to learn more about her mediation practice, you can contact her at [email protected] or at 513-703-6227.

 

 

As reported here and in our prior newsletter, new legislation requires owners of small businesses (including LLCs and corporations; under $5 million in revenue) to report their owners’ names to the federal agency known as FinCEN (Financial Crimes Enforcement Network).  There is a fine of up to $500 per day for violations, so this is a regulation that should not be ignored.

For new LLCs and corporations, the deadline is within 90 days of the formation.  For LLCs and corporations in existence as of January 1st of this year, the deadline is January 1. 2025.

Finney Law Firm attorney Casey Jones has carefully researched and written about the new FinCEN requirements and is heading our efforts to educate our clients on the intricacies of the statute and to assure compliance by our firm and our clients.

  • On Tuesday, May 14, at noon Ms. Jones will conduct a webinar informing clients of the new FinCEN requirements and answering questions you may have.

The link to sign up for the webinar is here.

Finney Law Firm is pleased to add to our team of attorneys J. Andrew Gray.  Andrew is a recent graduate of the University of Cincinnati College of Law where he served as chair of the Honor Council, the student-run organization dedicated to academic integrity and enforcing the College of Law’s Honor Code.

Andrew also brings to our firm and the practice of law his background in engineering.  In 2020 he earned his bachelors degree in Industrial & Systems Engineering from The Ohio State University.

Prior to joining the Finney Law Firm, he clerked for a long-serving local Common Pleas judge, helping the court resolve civil matters ranging from personal injury suits to complex construction litigation.

Andrew joins our burgeoning litigation team.

Nancy Nix, the Butler County, Ohio Auditor, has released her summary of the outcome of the property tax revaluations for 2023 (released with the 2024 tax bills).  The report is linked here.

Some report highlights:

  • She explains that eight of the school districts are “below the 20-mil floor,” meaning that there is no tax relief in those school districts due to the “reduction factor” that otherwise automatically rolls back taxes in Ohio as valuations increase.  Those school districts are: Edgewood, Hamilton, Madison, Middletown, Monroe, New Miami, Ross, and Talawanda.
  • The median increase in valuations in Butler County was a whopping 37%.
  • The resulting net tax increases by district are enumerated (but not the valuation jumps alone) and range from a high of 28.41% in parts of the Talawanda school district and as low as 4.61% in parts of the Lakota School District.

This “tax year” is one for the record books.

 

 

On the home page of the web site of Hamilton County Auditor Brigid Kelly, she has a blog.  In today’s entry on that blog, is her final rundown of valuation increases in each neighborhood of Cincinnati and each other city, village and township in Hamilton County.  It also shows the net tax increase after the state statutory rollbacks are included.

That accounting is here.  For homeowners and real estate professionals, it is enlightening.  Here are some highlights:

  • The Cincinnati neighborhood with the greatest valuation increase is East Westwood at 84.12%.
  • The Cincinnati neighborhood with the smallest valuation increase is the Central Business District at 6.55% (the residential neighborhoods with the smallest increase are English Woods and Fay Apartments).
  • The overall increase throughout the City of Cincinnati is 26.65%.
  • In Hamilton County, the political subdivision with the greatest increase is Lincoln Heights at 69.23%.
  • In Hamilton County, the political subdivision with the smallest increase is Mariemont at 12.6%.
  • The overall increase throughout Hamilton County is 28.35%.

She also shares the impact of the Ohio property tax rollback, that automatically rolls back rates as valuations climb.

  • Inside the City of Cincinnati, while values climbed 26.65%, taxes levied increased “only” 16.05%, meaning the rate rolled back a net 10.6%.
  • In Hamilton County, the values jumped 28.35%, but taxes hiked only 11.74%, meaning the average rate rollback was 16.61%.

Great reading.  Enjoy!

If you need help with an Ohio or Kentucky property valuation challenge, or to learn more about the process, contact Chris Finney (513.943.6655) or Jessica Gibson (513.943.5677).

Now that new Auditor’s valuations are out in Hamilton, Butler, Clermont and Montgomery counties (as well as another 20-25 counties throughout Ohio), our firm is experiencing a record number of calls and emails on property tax valuation challenges.  We also have taught four seminars on the topic just in the past week to more than 200 participants.  Based upon our experience and questions raised in these seminars, here are some random thoughts, hopefully providing some wisdom on the topic:

  1. Most — if not all — of our calls and emails start with this line: “I am calling [writing] because the Auditor raised my valuation by xx% from last year.”  OK, that’s interesting and certainly may seem extreme, but (a) it is utterly the wrong starting point and (b) it is completely irrelevant to our analysis and that conducted by the Board of Revision.
  2. The reason this is entirely irrelevant is that (a) a property owner in 2024 (for their 2023 valuation) is entitled to have his property valued at fair market value as of January 1, 2023.  Fair market value is defined as “what a reasonable buyer would pay a reasonable seller, neither party being under undue duress or motivation.”  This is the same valuation formula in which buyers, sellers, lenders, Realtors and appraisers typically engage.  You are not entitled to a lower number because it was lower last year and (b) thus, comparing a newer (and possibly proper) valuation to an earlier incorrect valuation places the analysis in the wrong framework.  The question is not to compare to last year’s valuation.  Rather, the question is: Does your current valuation reflect the value of the property as of January 1, 2023 (the valuation date in question for challenges this year)?
  3. Property owners, including homeowners, are frequently lulled into a belief that they have a statutory right to a lower valuation than “fair market value” — that the Auditor or Board of Revision somehow look at valuation differently than those transactional parties.  This simply is not so.  So, getting the first tax bill at full fair market value can be a jolt.
  4. To my surprise, I received an email last year from a friend and former client who lives in Western Hills: “How could the Auditor think property values have increased 30% over the past three years?”  My response: “Maybe because the nation is experiencing an unprecedented housing boom and Cincinnati/Hamilton County are ground zero of the boom.”  His response: “I had no idea.”  My response: “Do you live under a mossy rock?  It’s been in the newspaper three times per week for the past three years.”  You really do need to be out of touch not to understand the aggressive housing market that has existed some the pandemic began.
  5. The previous blog entries I wrote indicating that tax rates would roll back nearly the same percentage as the average valuation increases turns out not to be accurate.  The rate rollback certainly is there, but it is smaller than I expected and it varies by property categories (commercial, agricultural and residential) and by taxing district — school district and city, village, and township.  Our quick analysis, for example, is that in the City of Cincinnati/Cincinnati Public Schools (the largest taxing district in southwest Ohio) valuation went up 26.65% and the rate rollback was slightly more than 10%, yielding an overall average tax hike of 16.05%.
  6. For many property owners, we are recommending that they not challenge their valuation.  Despite the sticker shock of all of this, most residential properties and certain commercial properties (such as apartment buildings and industrial/warehouse buildings) have in fact soared in value.  Remember, the Board of Revision can INCREASE a valuation as well as provide a REDUCTION, so be careful about asking them to take a close look at your valuation.
  7. This is so also because frequently, the cost of the proceeding (maybe $2,500 for a residential property and $10,000 for a commercial property) exceeds the available savings.  We recommend paying a small sum to an appraiser to get a preliminary valuation before deciding if you want to proceed further, comparing the 3-year savings (a “win” is guaranteed by law to last at least three years) to the out-of-pocket costs.
  8. Unless a recent sale is involved, we generally recommend against proceeding without an appraisal.  For recently arm’s length sales, the sale price is the proper valuation.
  9. When reacting to your new tax valuation, remember that this is a cumulative increase since the last revaluation three years ago.  If we had an average of 8.0% property valuation growth during those three years, the compounded valuation hike would be 25%, and 10% per year would be a 33% bump.  So, (to that fellow who lives under a mossy rick in Western Hills) it’s not hard to see how Auditors in southwest Ohio are seeing average increases of 30% to 40% over the triennial.

If you need help with an Ohio or Kentucky property valuation challenge, or to learn more about the process, contact Chris Finney (513.943.6655) or Jessica Gibson (513.943.5677).

As clients “play out” the path of their litigation, they may plan on delaying the consequences of a possible loss at trial court for a year or two by “appealing all the way to the Supreme Court.”  Comfortable that they can postpone payment of any possible judgment 24 to 36 months into the future, they continue with the path of defending a suit, they have figured out — before we ever speak about it.

“Stay” typically requires a supersedeas bond; otherwise judgment collections may proceed

However, it’s not that simple.  As a fairly firm proposition of law, there is no “stay of execution” pending the outcome of an appeal unless and until the party against whom judgment is obtained has posed a supersedeas bond in the full amount of the “cumulative total for all claims covered by the final order.” R.C. §2505.09.

… an appeal does not operate as a stay of execution until a stay of execution has been obtained pursuant to the Rules of Appellate Procedure or in another applicable manner, and a supersedeas bond is executed by the appellant to the appellee, with sufficient sureties and in a sum that is not less than, if applicable, the cumulative total for all claims covered by the final order, judgment, or decree and interest involved, except that the bond shall not exceed fifty million dollars excluding interest and costs, as directed by the court that rendered the final order, judgment, or decree that is sought to be superseded or by the court to which the appeal is taken.

In other words, after a party to a case obtains a monetary judgment against another party (typically, but not always, a plaintiff obtains a judgment against a defendant), absent a “stay” issued by the Court, the party holding the judgment may pursue collections against the party against whom judgment has been rendered while the appeal is being briefed, argued and decided.  This means that the prevailing party may pursue foreclosure against real property, garnishment of bank accounts, attachment of wages and other collections actions, notwithstanding the slow process of a pending appeal that the opposing party believes will reverse the trial court judgment.

How a supersedeas bond is obtained

The bond can be issued by a private surety, such as an insurance company.  But the insurance company wants to take zero risk in the issuance of that bond, so they will do so only upon posting of proper security such as cash, accounts containing stocks and bonds, or real estate with sufficient equity.  And the outcome of this is that the eventual bankruptcy of the losing party, hiding of assets, dissipation of assets, death of the losing party, and other intervening events will not impair the collectability of the judgment by the prevailing party.

Posting of real estate as security

Another avenue to a “stay” order is the conveyance of property of adequate value with the Clerk of Courts, R.C. § 2505.11.  And, under 2505.12, exempt from the bond-posting provisions are (i) fiduciaries who already have posted bonds, with surety in accordance with law, (ii) the state of Ohio and its political subdivisions, and (iii) public officers of the state and its political subdivisions who were sued only in their official capacity.

How it really plays out

How does this, then, typically play out?  First, I find that losing defendants don’t just want to “write a check” to pay the judgment.  Rather, they ignore it until collections actions are taken.  Second, I have found that losing parties willfully ignore the plain language of Revised Code §2505.09 and ask for a bond amount less than the “cumulative total for all claims covered by the final order.”  This request, in our experience, is routinely denied.

Then, there are circumstances in which the losing party simply can’t pay the judgment amount and therefore also can’t post a bond in that amount.  In that circumstance, the losing defendant has the option to declare bankruptcy.  In other circumstances, the losing party has no identifiable assets, but he must honestly submit to a judgment debtor examination and tell the prevailing party’s attorney the location of his assets.  It is a bad idea — one we routinely reject — for a losing party to transfer assets to avoid collections upon loss in litigation.  What this means, for example, is moving around assets for the purpose of avoiding the prevailing party from collecting is as bad of an idea as it is appealing.

So, when Gibson Bakery sued Oberlin College for defamation and obtained a $25 million judgment, the Judged ordered a stay of execution pending appeal only upon the posting of a $36 million bond.  Last week, a $1.8 billion judgment was rendered against the National Association of Realtors and two other defendants.  Because the matter litigated is under the Sherman Antitrust Act, the damages are to be tripled, likely bringing the judgment amount to $5.4 billion.  One of the Defendants is a Berkshire-Hathaway company, which certainly has the cash sitting around for that, but will they post that for just one of their subsidiaries and to pay the freight for all of the defendants?  For most parties, including the other two defendants, they simply would not have the assets available to them to post a supersedeas bond of that magnitude.

As litigants want to be on the “offense” in collections, as the defense — against a diligent prevailing party — is no fun and there are few places to turn to avoid “paying up.”

Conclusion

In your business affairs as well as your litigation, be prepared to accept the accept the consequences of your decisions.  In litigation, those consequences can be both unexpected and expensive.  If your plan is to postpone collections until appeals are exhausted, that may mean posting a bond for the value of the judgment.

On November 3, 2023, we won a big victory for our client, a humble carpenter who lives in Clifton, at the First District Court of Appeals of Ohio.  In the decision, the Appeals Court affirmed a verdict in our client’s favor for the removal of a large tree from his property without his permission.

At trial, our firm not only proved the trespass and actual damages but also proved malice by the Defendant by “clear and convincing evidence,” entitling the client to receive as part of his award reasonable attorneys fees and expenses for taking the case to trial.

A copy of Friday’s appellate court decision is here.

Background

We regularly counsel our clients on the time, expense and sometimes disappointing outcomes in civil litigation.  It is a major part of the challenges our firm and our clients face in court.  And typically small dollar cases — regardless of how just the cause may be — are just not worth pursuing.

Nonetheless,  in 2019 we met with client William Chapel at his property and discussed the removal of his 50+ foot black walnut tree by his neighbor without permission.  He came home from work one day, and the tree was gone, it was taken down, along with an old wood screening fence that had been on his property, all without his permission.  We believed in the case and in the client, so we accepted the case.

Scorched earth strategy of defendants

It is typical in litigation that opposing counsel does not intend to win on the merits of their case, but rather by running out the clock and running the bill to heights that the amount in dispute will not justify, hoping our firm and our clients will “just go away.”   Well, we never “go away.”

Victory at trial court

We here wrote about the $222,836.53 verdict that was rendered in our client’s favor last December before the trial court for the removal of that tree, the majority of that verdict being punitive damages, attorneys fees and out-of-pocket expenses associated with the exhaustive litigation path chosen by the Defendants.

Conclusion

In addition to the $222,836.53 award at the trial court, the Court indicated that attorneys fees and expenses incurred in collections matters and in appellate work would supplement the award, so this week we will be preparing a supplemental fee application,  hoping to finalize the significant win for our client, and the delivery of justice to our community.

Thanks to our able and persistent team of Christopher Finney, Julie Gugino, and Jessica Gibson who saw this case through to the end.

A study by the Tax Foundation shows that Ohio ranks ninth among states in the nation for “Property Taxes Paid as a Percentage of Owner-Occupied Housing Value” for 2023.  Read the study here (click on table 33).

The top 10 and their rates as a percentage of Owner-Occupied Housing Value follow:

  1. New Jersey, 2.23%
  2. Illinois, 2.08%
  3. New Hampshire, 1.93%
  4. Vermont, 1.83%
  5. Connecticut, 1.79%
  6. Texas, 1.68%
  7. Nebraska, 1.63%
  8. Wisconsin, 1.61%
  9. Ohio, 1.59%
  10. Iowa, 1.52%

Many of our readers will note that their own residential property taxes range from 2.25% to 3.5%, and we believe the reason is that the urban areas of Ohio have greater-than-average property tax rates than many rural areas.